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Linux Kernel's Improper Check for Exceptional Conditions Allows Remote Attackers to Execute Arbitrary Code or Crash Affected Systems; CISA's September 21st KEV Deadline Has Passed

Last refreshed2026-09-27

Status: KEV  |  Advisory ID: CVE-2025-39682

Key Details

CVECVE-2025-39682
Vulnerability NameLinux Kernel Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions Vulnerability
CVSS Score / Version9.8 (Critical) / CVSS v3.1
Updated2026-09-20
CVSS VectorCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CVSS Proseattack vector is network; attack complexity is low; privileges required is none; user interaction is none; scope is unchanged; confidentiality impact is high; integrity impact is high; availability impact is high.
Affected productsLinux Kernel, Linux Linux Kernel, and debian Debian Linux
Exploitation statusListed in CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, indicating confirmed active exploitation.
Classified asCWE-754 (Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions)
KEV listingAdded to CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog on 2026-09-18.
Exploitation prediction (EPSS)2.88% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (86% percentile) -- FIRST.org's EPSS model.
Federal remediation deadline2026-09-21 (CISA KEV, Binding Operational Directive).

Affected Products, Subsystems & Sectors

VendorProductAffected VersionsPatch Status
LinuxKernel
LinuxLinux Kernel
debianDebian Linux
SubsystemsCore Infrastructure
SectorsAll Sectors

What to Know

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

tls: fix handling of zero-length records on the rx_list

Each recvmsg() call must process either

- only contiguous DATA records (any number of them)

- one non-DATA record

If the next record has different type than what has already been

processed we break out of the main processing loop. If the record

has already been decrypted (which may be the case for TLS 1.3 where

we don't know type until decryption) we queue the pending record

to the rx_list. Next recvmsg() will pick it up from there.

Queuing the skb to rx_list after zero-copy decrypt is not possible,

since in that case we decrypted directly to the user space buffer,

and we don't have an skb to queue (darg.skb points to the ciphertext

skb for access to metadata like length).

Only data records are allowed zero-copy, and we break the processing

loop after each non-data record. So we should never zero-copy and

then find out that the record type has changed. The corner case

we missed is when the initial record comes from rx_list, and it's

zero length.

What to Do

Monitor Linux's and debian's web pages for any future patch releases.

References

SourceReference
NVDhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-39682
CVEhttps://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-39682

KEV Required Action

FieldValue
KEV Linkhttps://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog
Date Added to KEV2026-09-18
Required Action Due Date2026-09-21
Required ActionApply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable BOD 26-04 guidance for cloud services or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. Stakeholders are responsible for evaluating each asset's internet exposure and ensuring adherence to BOD 26-04 patching guidelines.